According to the Faraday Institution, a clean mobility research group, the UK will need to build five gigafactories by 2030 to supply around 100 GWh needed to satisfy the depend for batteries for private cars, commercial vehicles, heavy goods vehicles, buses, micromobility and grid storage. By 2040, it will need ten. As of writing, only one factory is being built, and that’s by Chinese multinational Envision to serve Nissan's car plant in Sunderland.

However, we are seeing many commercial EV makers struggle financially when kickstarting cell factory projects across the country. Despite a series of business changes and internal restructurings, high profile EV startups are either on track to go bust this year or have already significantly cut down on production, owing to dwindling cash reserves and high costs related to production ramp-ups and soaring inflation.

Stuck in neutral

A contributing factor as to why commercial EV startups are struggling is in relation to the price of raw materials, such as lithium, which is used to store and provide the electrical energy needed to power the electric drivetrain of trucks and buses.

The Russian war on Ukraine has disrupted oil, natural gas and coal supply chains, exacerbating tightness across metal markets and heating up prices for nickel, steel, aluminium, copper and a host of other materials critical to EV manufacturing. As a result, EV makers now face problems securing metals essential to the batteries that power the cars.

In fact, according to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, its lithium price index had risen by 182.6% year-on-year as of mid-December 2022, meaning that cleaning the world from polluting energy sources is becoming much more expensive.

Semiconductors shortage

Just one vehicle could have thousands of different semiconductors, depending on how advanced and expensive it is. Semiconductors are essential in every EV, be it for infotainment systems or the more basic parts, such as power steering and brakes. The current shortage, which started in 2020, was caused by many factors that include an already disrupted supply chain, geopolitical incidents between the US and China and the fact that major producers paused production at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Automotive manufacturers cut their orders of all parts and materials, including semiconductors, but the demand rebounded shortly after, leaving them with insufficient stocks.

Many EV companies were unable to carry on with assembly and could not come back to it when a fresh shipment arrived. In fact, well-known automakers had to halt certain production lines in their factories, including General Motors, Ford Motors, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen, Subaru and Fiat Chrysler.

Lacking in design flexibility

When planning to build electric buses and trucks, many of the EV commercial vehicle manufacturers turn to off-the-shelf parts or use their own designs and software.

The issue with off-the-shelf parts is that, despite being readily available, they are mass-produced and made to be versatile and compatible with various applications, meaning that they may not always seamlessly integrate into a specific electric truck or bus design.

Let’s suppose an EV manufacturer is developing a specialised electric delivery truck that requires a unique cabin layout. It would be wise for them to partner with a custom parts manufacturer to expedite the development timeline, especially during a time in which many EV startups are financially struggling.

From needing to bring vehicles to market more quickly, to adapting more easily to the changing market conditions, startups can support their process of getting started by looking at design flexibility.